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Electricity : Operation : Reactor

The main components of the reactor are uranium fuel assemblies, control rods, and a coolant/moderator, which make up the reactor core, and this reactor core is contained in the reactor vessel.

There are many different designs of these core components; however, all the commercially licensed reactors in the United States are similar.  These types of reactors are commonly referred to as Light Water Reactors.  Of which, there are two main types - the Pressurized Water Reactor and the Boiling Water Reactor.  In the former, pressurized water at a high temperature creates steam while in the latter the coolant is boiled directly to produce the steam for the turbine.
More Information:

Reactor

Uranium Fuel Assemblies

Control Rods

Coolant / Moderator

Pressure Vessel

Cooling Towers